Personal and professional development report Essay

Individual and expert advancement report - Essay Example In the numerous gatherings that I have been an individual from, I have not had any contentions with any individual from the gathering. Hence, I view myself as a negotiator, a decent group laborer and all the more significantly an expressive speaker with verifiable relational abilities. In any case, for such a significant number of years I have never envisioned that contention can contrarily affect the adequacy of correspondence that thusly encroach on the nature of work done. This was not until I encountered in a gathering where I was a part. The conversation in this paper mirrors the circumstance that occurred last semester to help create and use my own aptitudes while keeping away from clashes in order to keep up a decent affinity with other colleagues later on. Our teacher trained us to frame gatherings with the goal that we could introduce a report on ‘Diversity and Conflict Management.’ Most of the gatherings had a normal of 4 to 5 individuals. In our gathering, we were four young men and one woman. The woman was entrusted with the duty of driving the gathering. As the pioneer, she split the point in different sub-subjects and appointed every part a specific sub-theme. Presently, we were joined by another part. Tragically, there were breaks between the woman and the new part that emerged from mistaken assumptions on how the undertakings were been assigned. I attempted to determine the issue between them, yet my endeavors were unproductive as I had never experienced it there. Eminently, the remainder of my partners didn't make any significant move in an offer to help settle the issue. Therefore, the young lady picked to pull back from our gathering, an impact that made us not accomplish a high evaluation on that task. In the first place, the criticism of the introduction was on a very basic level significant as it helped me understand the significance of good correspondence among colleagues. Unarguably, the group could have accomplished higher evaluations if just there were no contentions. I was satisfied to work with other group

The Adventure of Tom Sawyer Quotes

'The Adventure of Tom Sawyer' Quotes The Adventure of Tom Sawyer is a novel by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens). The book is a Bildungsroman, following the advancement of a little fellow, as he encounters one experience after another. Imprint Twains work is told as an outsider looking in, thinking back with a feeling of sentimentality. Here are a couple of statements from The Adventure of Tom Sawyer. I aint performing my responsibility by that kid, and that is the Lords truth, goodness knows. Save the bar and spile the kid, as the Good Book says. Im a-laying up wrongdoing and languishing over us both, I know. Hes loaded with the Old Scratch, however laws-a-me! hes my own dead sisters kid, poor thing, and I aint got the heart to lash him, by one way or another. Each time I let him off, my inner voice hurts me in this way, and each time I hit him my old heart most breaks.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 1He was not the Model Boy of the town. He knew the model kid very well thoughand abhorred him.- Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Ch 1Tom showed up on the walkway with a can of whitewash and a since quite a while ago dealt with brush. He overviewed the fence, and all joy left him and a profound despairing settled downward on his soul. Thirty yards of board fence nine feet high. Life to him appeared to be empty, and presence yet a weight.- Mark Twain, The Adv entures of Tom Sawyer, Ch 2He had found an extraordinary law of human activity, without knowing it - to be specific, that so as to cause a man or a kid to pine for a thing, it is just important to make the thing hard to get.- Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Ch 2 Work comprises of whatever a body is obliged to do, and. Play comprises of whatever a body isn't obliged to do.- Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Ch 2Tom was a sparkling legend again the pet of the old, the jealousy of the youthful. His name even went into godlike print, for the town paper amplified him. There were some that accepted he would be President, yet, in the event that he avoided hanging.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 2Often, the less there is to legitimize a customary custom, the harder it is to dispose of it.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 5The clergyman gave out his content and rambled along dully through a contention that was prosy to such an extent that numerous a head eventually started to gesture - but then it was a contention that managed in boundless fire and brimstone and diminished the fated choose down to an organization so little as to be not really worth the sparing.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 5Huck leberry was sincerely loathed and feared by all the moms of the town since he was inert, and uncivilized, and obscene, and awful - and on the grounds that every one of their youngsters appreciated him in this way, and got a kick out of his illegal society, and wished they set out to resemble him.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 6â You just barely tell a kid you wont ever have anyone however him, ever, and afterward you kiss and that's it in a nutshell. Anyone can do it.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 7The flexible heart of youth can't be compacted into each compelled shape long in turn.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 8They said they would prefer to be outlaws a year in Sherwood Forest than President of the United States perpetually.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 8Five years back you drove me away from your dads kitchen one night, when I come to request something to eat, and you said I warnt there for any great; and when I swore Id settle the score with you on the off chance that it took a hundred years, your dad had me imprisoned for a transient. Did you think Id overlook? The Injun blood aint in me in vain. What's more, presently Ive got you, and you got the opportunity to settle, you know!- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 9Oh, they simply make so me harasser memories - take ships, and consume them, and get the cash and cover it in terrible places in their island where theres apparitions and things to watch, it, and slaughter everyone in the boats - make em walk a board. they dont slaughter the ladies - theyre excessively honorable. What's more, the womens consistently wonderful, as well.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 13 There was no way to avoid the obstinate truth that taking sweetmeats was just snaring, while at the same time taking bacon and hams and such resources was plain straightforward taking - and there was an order against that in the Bible. So they internally settled that inasmuch as they stayed in the business, their robberies ought not again be soiled with the wrongdoing of taking.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 13Here was a lovely triumph; they were missed; they were grieved; hearts were breaking for them; tears were being shed; blaming recollections for unkindnesses to these poor lost fellows were ascending, and unavailing second thoughts and regret were being reveled: and the best part is that the left were the discussion of the entire town, and the jealousy of the considerable number of young men, most definitely. This was fine. It merited being a privateer, all things considered.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 14As the administration continued, the p riest drew such photos of the graces, the triumphant ways, and the uncommon guarantee of the lost chaps, that each spirit there, thinking he perceived these photos, felt an ache in recalling that he had tenaciously blinded himself to them generally previously, and had as steadily observed just blames and imperfections in the poor young men.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 17 What a legend Tom was become now! He didn't go skipping and dancing, yet moved with an honorable strut, as turned into a privateer who felt that the open eye was on him. What's more, without a doubt it was; he made an effort not to appear to see the looks or hear the comments as he went along, yet they were food and drink to him.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 18I could excuse the kid, presently, if hed submitted a million sins!- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 19Huck Finns riches and the way that he was currently under the Widow Douglass assurance brought him into society-no, hauled him into it, flung him into it-and his sufferings were practically beyond what he could bear. The widows workers kept him spotless and perfect, brushed and brushed... He needed to eat with blade and fork; he needed to utilize napkin, cup, and plate; he needed to gain proficiency with his book, he needed to go to chapel; he needed to talk so appropriately that discourse was g otten stale in his mouth; whithersoever he turned, the bars and shackles of human advancement shut him in and bound him hand and foot.- Mark Twain, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, Ch 35 Study Guide The Adventure of Tom Sawyer Review

7 Self-Help Books Ill Never Follow for the Resolutions Ill Never Make

7 Self-Help Books Ill Never Follow for the Resolutions Ill Never Make Eight years ago, I loved self-help books so much I actually maintained a book blog called selfhelpme. Eight years later, I am the type of person who wears yoga leggings all day, burps in front of her husband, eschews diets in favor of smores, never balances her checkbook, and who rolls her eyes at all of the questionable advice filling up the self-help section of the bookstore.  Unsurprisingly, I am also the type of person who refuses to make new years resolutions. My former gurus would weep. Still, there  are  self-help books out there I cant help but find delightful, even though I will make only the most half-assed of attempts to follow the advice between their covers. Here are my 7  favorites: 1. Marie Kondos  The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up When I read Kondos description of how she thanks her possessions for their service, I thought she was off her rocker. When I read her policy on books, I decided  she was a full-on heretic. But after finishing this slim volume, I immediately put her suggestions into practice. I  spent hours cleaning out drawers and closets, throwing things into garbage bags and dragging them to the curb. It was downright exhilarating! I mean, it didnt stick but I still love Kondos no-holds-barred ability to throw shit out. 2. Rachel Venning and Claire Cavanahs Moregasm I spent the entirety  of my 20s convinced I was suffering from female sexual dysfunction, thanks to an unhealthy relationship marked by coercive sex and mind games. In order to fix myself,  I became a sex writer. As you do. In my early days as a sex writer, I acquired this absolute gem of a book, a guide to having satisfying sex. These days, I know theres nothing wrong with me. I listen to my body more than any book. But I still think this book should be required reading in all sexuality education course. 3. James Beckermans  The Flex Diet Less of a diet than a lifestyle change, this book contains a slew of suggestions for losing weight and living a healthier life. Fun fact: I actually read it  while acting as a guinea pig for another writers  New York Post  story about up-and-coming diet books. There were before-and-after photos and everything! (How horrifying is that!?) These days, Im quicker to eat an entire batch of cupcakes singlehandedly than I am to follow a goddamn diet, but I still sometimes dip into this one for tips on incorporating healthier eating habits and activities into my life. 4. Dan Harriss 10% Happier I came to this book having  already takenâ€"and taughtâ€"multiple meditation classes, and having  already read eleventy billion other books on meditation. Id also used multiple meditation apps by this point, and even owned my own meditation cushion. I  wasnt sure what to expect from this memoir by a news anchor who suffered panic attacks and then discovered the powers of mindfulness. But I ended up enjoying the viewpoint of someone who came to meditation without already being steeped in the yoga world. These days, I cant find time to meditate during the day and, if I meditate at night, I just plain pass out. But someday, Ill get back on that wagon 5. Jolie Kerrs My Boyfriend Barfed in My Handbag and Other Things You Cant Ask Martha I only clean my bathroom when were having company. But for some reason, I love this book. Ill leave it at that. 6. Issa Raes  The Misadventures of Awkward Black Girl I dont know if I can really  classify this as self-help (its more of a memoir in essays) but, as an awkward introvert, Issa Raes life isâ€"for meâ€"aspirational. Will I ever follow her example and live my awkwardness out loud, on the  public stage? Some might say that, as a writer, I already do. But I do it while tucked away in a home office with poor overhead lighting and three cats so, really, shes winning. 7. Lorrie Moores  Self-Help Just kidding. Though there are stories on How to Talk to Your Mother and How to Become a Writer. Im doing decently with the latter, but the former is always an adventure. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Boeing Corporation Human Resources Management and...

A study on Boeing Corporation’s Human Resources Management and Organisational Behaviour challenges TABLE OF CONTENTS Aim†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Company overview i) Company’s background, mission statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 ii) Objectives †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 iii) Boeing airbus market share†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 News volumes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Aircraft deliveries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....5 Organisational design (i) Vision†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 (ii) Business units†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Organisational structure (i) Key executives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 (ii) Matrix†¦show more content†¦Boeing – Airbus Market Share The rivalry between these giants, the major manufacturers of large medium or long-range passenger aircraft, has today reached epic proportions. Airbus overtook Boeing five years ago to be number one, mostly through the success of its medium capacity long-haul Airbus A-330 and its shorter-range variations such as the A-340. This market share pie-chart of the two head to head competitors-Boeing and Airbus shows that Airbus is leading at the moment. Even though currently the number of orders is higher with Airbus but the total revenues of Boeing is still much higher than that of Airbus. This is due to the fact that Boeing gains profit from other activities such as military aerospace, defence, and space businesses. With the launch of Airbus A380, the market share in the coming year will have slightly a change which is better for Airbus. However, Boeing will be able to regain its market share thanks to the new model of 7E7, Dreamliner and making the competition more aggressive. The follow ing are the revenues that Boeing and Airbus earned in 2007 Commercial aircraft sales revenues: Airbus: $61.6 billion (Net income dwindled to $154.877 million from $2.62 billion in 2006)(Herald Tribute 2007, October 03)Show MoreRelatedManagement Changes Affects Employee Morale1398 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Changes Affects Employee Morale As the world changes, many organization may create changes to their company structure in order to remain successful and look good amongst shareholders. These organizational changes may be beneficial for the company overall. However, it may affect the remaining employee’s morale. Some organizations changes such as layoffs, reduce work hours, a stagnate in benefits increases and rewards may result in management trying to figure out a way to motivate and gainRead MoreImpact of Cultural Differences, Internal and Environmental Factors at Airbus1619 Words   |  7 Pagescorresponding relationship to the personal and organisational performance. The scenario, Airbus’ manufacturing plant in Toulouse, is dominated by tensions amongst groups of workers with different cultural background. The impact of those cultural challenges, the pressures of delivering the A380s in time and the demands from the external environment will be some of the factors that will be considered in the analysis below. In order to understand the multiple forces and the organisational change processesRead MoreChange Management Research6716 Words   |  27 PagesRunning head: CHANGE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH Change Management Research University of Phoenix Change Management Research Effective Leadership Ââ€" FP International FP International is a privately held company with 550 employees worldwide and over $100 million in annual sales in 2005. FP International manufactures packing products such as bubble, air cushions, Kraft paper cushioning and ready-to-use products, polyethylene foam, loose fill made of 100% recycled polystyrene or cornstarch and Kraft/bubbleRead MoreThe Theories Of Aristotle Lenin Cristobal. Australia Catholic University4239 Words   |  17 PagesSUMMARY An organization is comparable to a living organism that continues to grow, expand and change. Paralleled to its transcendental growth is the need to strategize on how it will become adaptive and responsive to the overarching changes and challenges despite of technological advancement, innovations, market competition, trends in and consumers’ demographics and needs, organization performance gearing toward organization vitality and sustainable existence. This can be done through the developmentRead MoreBoeing Leadership Style Analysis1982 Words   |  8 PagesAspects of Leadership The leadership style at Boeing is high structured, high consideration where the organization provides step by step guidance on how tasks are to be completed and it is highly considerate of the employee needs and wants. At Boeing honesty matters, the organization outlines initiatives that focuses on enabling the culture of openness and accountability to maintain an ethical workplace that will increase business performance. Their leadership is based on transformational leadershipRead MoreBuilding Competitive Advantage Through Market Based Management Practices4273 Words   |  18 PagesBuilding Competitive Advantage Through Market Based Management Practices In 21st Century Management practices, ï ¬ rms and corporations are constantly seeking the leg-up on the competition to increase proï ¬ ts and long-term value creation. In an increasingly global environment, competition remains stiff if not more competitive than ever before. Representing indirect forces on competitive advantage for companies, globalization and national and international business/trade laws have an increasingRead MoreSolution Manual CH 1 Management A Practical Introduction 6th Edition8886 Words   |  36 Pagesï » ¿ Chapter Management Theory: Essential Background for the Successful Manager Major Questions the Student Should Be Able to Answer 2 Overview of the Chapter 3 Lecture Outline 4 Key Terms Presented in the Chapter 32 Lecture Enhancers 34 Critical Thinking Exercise 36 Homework Assignment 37 Management in Action Case Study 39 End of Chapter Self-Assessment 41Error: Reference source not found Legal/Ethical Challenge 42 Group Exercise Read MoreNtrepreneurial Leader Profiling Boeing Company3775 Words   |  16 PagesProject on entrepreneurial leader profiling Slogan Forever New Frontiers Executive Summary †© This business report is about the entrepreneurial leader William E. Boeing and The Boeing Company. There is a description of The Boeing Company and its performance on the aircraft business. Then comes the analysis of William E. Boeing as an entrepreneur and a leader. The report demonstrates why he was labelled as a visionary leader and an entrepreneur, due to his personal, technical and conceptual skillsRead MoreStrategic Management20602 Words   |  83 PagesDon Hammond/Design Pics/Corbis Strategic Management Inputs Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness, 2 The External Environment: Opportunities, Threats, Industry Competition, and Competitor Analysis, 32 The Internal Organization: Resources, Capabilities, Core Competencies, and Competitive Advantages, 68 Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Studying this chapter should provide you with the strategic management knowledge needed to: 1. Deï ¬ ne strategic competitivenessRead MoreThe Organizational Context: Strategy, Structure, and Culture3237 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ INSTRUCTOR’S RESOURCE MANUAL CHAPTER TWO The Organizational Context: Strategy, Structure, and Culture To Accompany PROJECT MANAGEMENT: Achieving Competitive Advantage By Jeffrey K. Pinto CHAPTER TWO PROJECT PROFILE: Project Management Improves Lenovo’s Bottom Line INTRODUCTION 2.1 PROJECTS AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY 2.2 STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT Identifying Project Stakeholders Managing Stakeholders 2.3 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 2.4 FORMS OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Functional

Persuasive Essay On Contraceptives - 1307 Words

Pediatricians play a significant role in children s health care. Minors most likely will have the same pediatrician throughout their whole childhood. This gives the parents and child a chance to grow a good relationship with the doctor. Doctors encourage minors to make healthy decisions about sex or choosing abstinence, to avoid the bad consequences linked with sexual behaviors. Doctors and school nurses should be allowed to prescribe contraceptives to children because it is not always used for sex, it avoids pregnancy, and it has health benefits. There are about fifteen different types of contraceptives that allows you to have sex without the risk of getting pregnant. One of the fifteen birth control methods are condoms, this is the†¦show more content†¦Another type of birth control is the contraceptive sponge. The sponge is small and round, it has a foam texture. It is placed deep inside the vagina. The sponge should be kept inside the vagina for a minimum of six hours aft er sex but should be removed 24 hours after sexual intercourse. Spermicide is also a type of birth control. When spermicide is used with other types birth control it is proven to be very effective. Spermicide does not always protect you from pregnancy, but it does not protect you against STI s at all. You do not need to get a prescription to buy spermicide, it is an over the counter product. Contraceptive injection is a birth control, but it is a shot. The doctor or nurse will give you one shot of hormones. This one shot last for about 8 to 12 weeks, which is about 3 months. You will have the same effect as the pill. This type of birth control has been found to be ninety-nine percent effective, this does not protect from STI s. The vaginal ring is a small plastic ring that is placed inside the vagina for up to three weeks. It should be removed when your period starts. Once your period is over you can place a new vaginal ring in. This is not an over the counter product, you will need a doctor s prescription to buy the ring. The vaginal ring does not protect from STI s. The contraceptive patch is the exactly like the contraceptiveShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Contraceptives1180 Words   |  5 Pagesliving on earth. A solution to this is contraceptives. We need to make them more affordable and accessible for everyone and everywhere in order to reduce population A question that is asked around when people get pregnant is, â€Å"Will you choose abortion, adoption, or parenting?† Those are just three of the options when others get pregnant. However, all of it could have been prevented by using contraceptives. In the article â€Å"High Teen Pregnancies Blamed on Contraceptives†, it states that, â€Å"Twenty eight percentRead MorePersuasive Essay: Pro-choice Abortion871 Words   |  4 PagesDestinee Riggs Professor Camila Alvarez ENC1101 T 6:35-9:00pm 485 words Persuasive Essay: Pro-choice Abortion In 1973 in the United States in the Roe V. Wade decision, the supreme court ruled that women, in consultation with their physician, have a constitutionally protected right to have an abortion in the early stages of pregnancy- that is, before viability- free from government interference. (Guttmacher Institute) This did not spark the controversy of the topic, however. Can you rememberRead MoreThe Effects of Teen Pregnancy1953 Words   |  8 Pageseducate teens on how to prevent pregnancy. Abstinence only education is currently not working, therefore we need to educate teens about birth control and how to safely protect themselves when having sex. Educate them on where they can go to receive contraceptives and information on how to use them properly. References Christensen, S., amp; Rosen, A. (1996). Information About Children amp; Families. Retrieved from http://community.michiana.org/famconn/teenpreg.html Hoffman, S.D., (2006). By the Numbers:Read MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teenage Pregnancy1850 Words   |  8 Pagesteen pregnancy. This paper will attempt to describe the research surrounding sex education, mostly abstinence education and the importance of contraceptive. The discussion surrounding sex education will focus not only on current research findings, but also on the truth of the research that has produced different and often conflicting results. Finally, this essay will discuss programs that focus on the role of boys and their importance in teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy create many social challengesRead MoreMedical Ethics And Ethics Of Biotechnology Essay2394 Words   |  10 Pagesbegins at conception. Judith Thomson (1971) makes the comparison that the small clump of cells which is the developing fetus does not constitute a person in a similar way that an acorn is not an oak tree. While this argument may seem logical and persuasive to some, Thomson (1971) argues that it is very arbitrary, and difficult, to decide at what exact point a fetus becomes a person. Instead, she focuses her defense of abortion on the balance between the fetus’ right to life and the mother’s rightRead More A Rational Look at the Abortion Controversy Essay3888 Words   |  16 Pagesinto a battle of rhetoric rather than a dialectic of reason. But the guiding light in such a discussion must always be reason, not rhetoric or other fallacies, for only reason can solve this issue and judge which side is correct. In this brief essay, I shall attempt to clear away some of the confusion present in typical abortion debates by cooling the rhetoric with reason enlightened by scientific facts. Specifically, I will examine two common pro-abortion arguments made by Mary Anne Warren andRead MoreAn Analysis of Sexual Health in New Zealand Youth3698 Words   |  15 Pagesstill concernedly high rates of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections in New Zealand adolescents. A multidisciplinary approach can be used to uncover the potential reasons behind this gap between intervention and outcome. This essay will use the perspectives of health geographers, psychologists and sociologists to explore the phenomenon, and will show how multidisciplinary research is useful when considering a topic such as this, with a complex system of potential causes. ARead MoreStructuralism and Interpretation Ernest Hemingways Cat in Ther Ain9284 Words   |  38 Pageshow the linguistic mediation of a story determines its meaning and effect. This is a kind of criticism in which Anglo-American tradition is comparatively strong, because of the close-reading techniques developed by the New Criticism. Mark Shorers essays (1948) and (1949) are classic statements of this approach. The stylistics that developed out of Romance Philology, represented at its best by Spitzer and Auerbach, also belongs in this category. When I wrote my first book of criticism, Language ofRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7Read MoreDamodaran Book on Investment Valuation, 2nd Edition398423 Words   |  1594 Pageswas expected to report net income of 9 million DM in that year. The firm had a book value of assets of 110 million DM and a book value of equity of 58 million DM at the end of 1990. The firm was expected to maintain sales in its niche product, a contraceptive pill, and grow at 5% a year in the long term, primarily by expanding into the generic drug market. The average beta of pharmaceutical firms traded on the Frankfurt Stock exchange was 1.05, though many of these firms had much more diversified product

Admissions MBA Free Essays

I can vividly remember how happy I am to do trade-ins with my friends and siblings when I am still a kid. Every time I like something which my friends or siblings have, I try to convey them to trade in to what I have. With small and simple talks, I able to make them compromise to what I have offered. We will write a custom essay sample on Admissions MBA or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unknowingly, that simple gesture already foretold of what I would be like when I become an adult which is to do business. I am a graduate of computer science and hold a master’s degree in the aforementioned course but the interest that I have with MBA has never subsided. I am very much interested in MBA with concentration in Management. MBA or Master of Business Administration is everyone’s dream. It is an achievement for an individual to finish this master’s degree. I have a number of reasons why I want to do an MBA. It is basically for my self-improvement however I have five reasons that are on my top list. First thing is, I firmly believe that MBA program would allow me to have further studies that would enhance my knowledge and skills related to the field of my specialization; thus, it will get me updated to any recent buzz related to this field. Secondly, MBA offers a lot of opportunities especially we are in this modern and competitive world where everyone must has its own edge to cope the competition; thus it is an edge for me if I have an MBA. Thirdly, MBA ensures excellence and eminence business education that equips individuals to be competitive and perform tasks efficiently. The fourth one is it gives me more opportunities to be exposed to different subjects such as economics, international business, marketing, finance and etc. that I don’t learn in my previous studies and I have the chance to concentrate on my chosen area of specialization. The last one would be, MBA does not only equip me academically but it would change my perspectives in life through the rigid training and studies that I will be going through. How to cite Admissions MBA, Essays

Strategic Management & Sustainability-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Strtegic Management or Sustainability. Answer: Strategic management helps in identifying and describing the strategies that needs to be taken up by the managers so that it helps the organization in achieving a better performance from the employees, which in turn will help the organization in getting a competitive advantage over the rival firms. The profits of the firm may get enhanced when the strategies are designed in a proper manner. It can also be defined as a collection of decisions, which are made by the managers of the organization so that it makes the company to achieve high performance and better profitability ratio. The managers need to have a proper knowledge and analyze the situation of the market, which will act as positive agents when formulating new strategies for the firm. It helps the managers in planning the actions that needs to be undertaken within the organization and makes space for any unfeasible liabilities that may occur within the organization. The smaller as well the larger organizations in the modern w orld face competition in the modern scenario of market, which can be decreased by implementing and formulating the appropriate strategies, which will act as an advantage for the firm (Hill, Jones, R., Schilling, 2014). The use of strategic management also helps the managers and the strategists in identifying the way in which the organization is moving towards, which can be evaluated on a constant manner. This helps in involving a continuous process so that it helps in evaluating and controlling the businesses in which the firm is linked with. It also helps in evaluating the movement of the competitors and set the goals and objectives of the company in that manner, which will help the firm in getting a competitive advantage over the other firms (Eden Ackermann, 2013). The process of strategic management helps in providing a wider perspective to the employees of the firm, as they get a better understanding of the job that will fit in the organizational process and the correlation between the other members of the organization. It helps in managing the employees in an appropriate manner so that the objectives of business can be achieved in an efficient manner. The employees are likely to trust the company and become committed, as they are satisfied with the transparency that is present in the plan of the organization. It helps them in understanding the changes in the environment and the causes of response within the organization. This helps the employees in providing better judgment about the impact that the changes create on the job process and effectively adapting to it (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Woolworths is an organization that is famous in Australia for its chain of grocery products. The company sells a wide variety of product to the Australian consumers and provides them with discounts, which has helped the company in building a customer base and are loyal towards the customers. The company has been incurring losses in the recent years due to its failed strategies that are being adopted within the organization. The vision statement of the company is to provide the customers a proper experience in shopping when they visit the store every time ("Woolworths Supermarkets - Woolworths Group", 2017). The company wants to extend its leadership in the food and liquor sector, which will require a new campaign for the market that will help in adding value to the stakeholders of the company so that the business can expand in the market with respect to the products. The break-even growth of the sales point for the company needs to be competitive so that the launch of new products can be supported by the media. The company also needs to revaluate its joint business in electronic with Dick Smith by altering the structures in the business. They also need to accelerate the offer of Big W so that it helps in attracting the consumers and increase the level of competition within the market (Trevena, Neal, Dunford, Haskelberg, Wu, 2015). The company needs to maintain a record of its new growth so that they can improve on a sustainable and profitable way, which will help in opening up the opportunity of international markets. It is important for the company to understand its external environment so that the formulation of the strategies will help in achieving the profitability of the firm. The impact of external factor can be seen on the performance of the business along with the impact that it creates on the corporate strategies as well. The external analysis of the company will be done by using the Five Forces Framework of Porter, which will help in identifying the strategies. Most of the customers for the company are individual buyers, which mean that the power to bargain is high among the customers. This strong power of the customers results in decreasing the cost of the products by the company so that the customers can purchase from the stores. The needs of the customers are met in a proper manner by keeping the prices low by the company is one of the strategies that have been adopted by the company (E. Dobbs, 2014). The suppliers get stronger within the company if they are given more than the importance that they deserve by the company. Thus, the company needs to be dependent on its suppliers in a lesser manner, which will give the suppliers a lower power to bargain for the products. The primary reason for their low power of bargaining is the presence of large retailing sector in the Australian market place (Marshall, 2013). The company does not consider the threat that they receive from the new entrants because of the large number of stores that the company have around the Australian market, which helps in providing premium quality of products and services. The new entrants in the retail sector needs to invest a lot of capital as capital apart from the fixed facilities that will help in running the business in an efficient manner. The presence of other companies such as Coles act as a dominant competition, which has access to different channels of distribution and is one of the other leaders in the retailing industry. The new entrants in the market may have the risk of losing their start-up capital due to the presence of high competition (Yunna Yisheng, 2014). The company faces stiff competition from the other firms that are dominant players in the Australian retailing sector. The products that are substitute in nature are being offered in the market at a lower price, which will result in losing out on the market share by the company. Thus, the company needs to produce innovative products and introduce competitive strategies in the market place that will help them in attracting the customers and build a strong reputation in the market. The adoption of competitive price strategy needs to be taken up the company so that it will help in attracting the customers from the rival companies as well. Therefore, the company has a high threat of substitute for the products and the services that are being offered to the customers (E. Dobbs, 2014). The competition is intense among the rival companies that are present in the retailing sector in the market. Companies likes Coles and Myers may help in limiting the shares of the market and provide higher level of concentration than Woolworths. The level of intensity amongst the competitors will help in forcing the company in devising new and effective strategies so that they can be differentiated from their competitors (Yunna Yisheng, 2014). The internal analysis can be done based on the strengths and weaknesses of the firm with respect to the resources and capabilities that are available so that it could be used in an effective and productive manner. By the end of the financial year in 2012, the company had almost 3,329 stores operating in Australia and New Zealand along with a total strength of 195,000 employees. The company is one of the trusted and reputed brands within the retailing industry. The company has discovered its core competencies within the employees that are more experienced and those who provide value-added services to the customers. The use of experienced staff members can be identified as one of the first resources and capabilities of the company. For example, the company employs staffs that are efficient than its major competitor, Coles. As far as Coles is concerned, they hire young workers whereas Woolworths gives preference to the experience workers who are middle-aged and provides training to them so that they can develop within the company. The company had invested around $80 million in the training and development programs for the workers by the end of 2015 so that they could be efficient in all the stores of the company. The company is of the view that the retailing sector is focused highly on business, which will help in recruiting the best employees that are available all throughout the country (von Briel Recker, 2017). The services that are provided within the stores are focused mainly on the strategies adopted by the company. The customers have benefitted from these services many a times like during the delivery of a product that is heavy in nature and purchasing many of the products at an affordable price. The company also has in-store butchers so that when the customers place order for the meat, the fresh meat can be prepared and packed and delivered to the customers. The company has also taken an initiative to expand its sushi kitchens that are present within the store so that it can cater to the diverse tastes that is increasing within the customers (Ryall, 2013). The strength of the company is that most of the businesses that has been undertaken by the company has helped in maintaining good financial status in the previous years and has shown an increase its annual growth rate for sales. By reducing the cost of businesses, the company has been able to reach a growth of 8 percent, which is a higher percentage when compared to its competitors. The company has the ability to generate capital and has plans to expand its business by opening many numbers of stores so that it can provide the facilities to those customers as well. This is one of the core strengths of the company. The company is also a reputed and a trusted name within the retailing industry. It is one of the first retailing business that has responded to the needs and preferences of the customers in an innovative manner. The company was also voted as one of the largest retailers in online due to the size of its business along with the prices at which the variety of products and services were offered to the customers (Methner, Hamann, Nilsson, 2015). The company has focused on developing their relationship with the suppliers and producers so that it can help in developing better relationships with them in the longer run. Most of the other retailers in this business have taken the help of milk reductions that are being offered to them by private investors, which has hampered the profitability ratio of the suppliers. The company has a long history of looking after the suppliers and has worked with the government in developing the National Food Plan along with the other retailers and suppliers during the development of Charter of Fair Trade, which helps in encapsulating the principles of developing the relationship with the business and the retailers. The company has also participated in the program called Fresh Food Future that was introduced so that the concept of sustainable agriculture can be promoted amongst the farmers (Leibold Hugo, 2015). The weakness of the company is that the rate of debt of the company has been on the rise since the past five years, which is not a good sign for the development and success of the company in the Australian market. The growth of the sales is considerably high but the increase in the rate of debt will cause a risk financially to the company, which might make the company to go in to liquidation. The business of the company has been operating within Australia and New Zealand alone, which has given the competitors like Wal-Mart an upper hand. The competitor brand has its presence felt in Europe, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, South America and the United States. The company has a limited amount of share in the global market, which can be increased if the company expands on an international basis (Shin Lee, 2015). The opportunities are that the future that is present in the retailing industry will help in reshaping the method of computerization, which will help in developing the technology that is related to supply chain. It will also change the lifestyle of the consumers, as the development of the internet and the digital commerce will help the customers to efficiently procure the products and services. The customers are the center point for the business to flourish within the country, so the online shopping can be done by them by downloading the application on their mobile phones, which will help the customers in getting easy access to the products. The company is not keen on increasing the usage of land for agricultural purposes and the intensity of cropping but is giving preference on the existing farmland to achieve 90 percent of its materials through proper production. The consequences of increasing the rate of yields for the crops may lead to pollution of the environment and changes in the climate, which may be a cause for the achievement of the company. The company is looking for opportunities that will help in production of crops based on innovation and sustainable in the long run (Leibold Hugo, 2015). The threat for the company is that it is facing stiff resistance and competition from the other retailers in Australia, as the low pricing strategy has been introduced by Coles as well who is also a major competitor in the retailing business in Australia. The company also has plans to expand its business in Asian countries, where it may face stiff competition from other big retailing industries as well. Another threat for the company is the rate of growth that is slow in nature, which may be unpredictable due to the increase in the diseases that are related with consumption of alcohol. The government due to this factor has put pressure on the company to reduce the production of alcohol, which has limited the shares in the market and the sales of the company (Shin Lee, 2015). Thus, it can be recommended that the strategy of pricing is one of the important factors in the retailing industry, which influences the decision of the customers in purchasing a particular product or service from the company. To manage the company in a better way, the company needs to adopt the strategies that will help them in increasing their sales and earnings. The recommendations are as follows: It can be achieved by the company if they follow a cost-leadership structure, which is an integrated set of events that helps in producing and delivering the products to the customers at the lowest costs. The features of the products are also liked by the customers, which helps them in shifting from products that are being offered by the other companies. The company has implemented the policy of sales-up/costs down that has helped them in gaining revenues over the years. The other strategy that is present in the cost-leadership structure is to decrease the cost of operation, which is the use of just-in-time strategy. This strategy will help in utilizing the products in the supply chain, which will help in decreasing the costs of wastages and storages by making the products arrive to the retailers when they are in need of it. To implement this strategy, the company needs to develop a program that will help in forecasting the replenishment of the stocks. This will help in decreasing the wastage of the products and help in increasing the revenues of the company. Additionally, the company needs to bear in mind that the storage cost may get higher if the prediction is not done in a proper manner (Kurt Zehir, 2016). The company needs to develop a alliance based on strategies between the core operations of the business and the other operations. This will help the company as the operations will benefit from this alliance by helping them gain excess profits. For instance, the alliance between the company and Caltex resulted in buying the petrol at a reduced rate at the time of purchasing vehicles from Woolworths. This has helped the company in earning better revenues at a short period of time. The company also needs to have a reward program where it can reward its customers, which will help in ensuring customer loyalty in the long run (Albers, Wohlgezogen, Zajac, 2016). This strategy will help the company in achieving diversification among the products so that it can be developed on a constant manner for the future as well. The company was able to take over Dan Murphy, which helped them in providing a wide range of products in the same market, which helped the company in attracting new customers along with looking after the needs of the existing customers (Bucci, 2015). The company needs to give importance to the capabilities of the human resources so that the goals can be achieved in a better manner. The diversity of the staffs will help the company in being committed towards the people by employing workers of different backgrounds and ethnicities with respect to nationality. The company will be able to achieve diversity within its work place by employing people of diverse backgrounds. The company needs to train these individuals in a proper manner so that the gaps can be identified and removed, which will help in serving the customers properly (Albers, Wohlgezogen, Zajac, 2016). Therefore, to conclude it can be said that the the company needs to accept the challenges and use the strategies that are present in the strategic management process. The customers will be able to identify the brand and its products if the company can market itself in a proper manner by ensuring that the work place for the employees is healthy. The company needs to analyze its macro and internal environment so that the strengths and weaknesses can be identifies, which will help in selecting the suitable strategies for improvement within the company. Bibliography Albers, S., Wohlgezogen, F., Zajac, E. J. (2016). Strategic alliance structures: An organization design perspective. . Journal of Management, 42(3),, 582-614. Bucci, A. (2015). Product proliferation, population, and economic growth. Journal of Human Capital, 9(2),, 170-197 Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates. Competitiveness Review, 24(1),, 32-45. Eden, C., Ackermann, F. (2013). Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Hill, C. W., Jones, R., G., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Kurt, A., Zehir, C. (2016). The relationship between cost leadership strategy, total quality management applications and financial performance. Leibold, M., Hugo, R. (2015). A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Emerging Markets and Business Strategies in the Multicultural South African Environment. In Proceedings of the 1996 Multicultural Marketing Conference, (pp. 172-177). . Marshall, S. (2013). Evaluating the strategic and leadership challenges of MOOCs. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 9(2), , 216. Methner, N., Hamann, R., Nilsson, W. (2015). The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. In The Business of Social and Environmental Innovation, (87-104). Redclift, M., Springett, D. (. (2015). Routledge international handbook of sustainable development. Routledge. Redclift, M., Springett, D. (2015). Routledge international handbook of sustainable development. . Routledge. Ryall, M. D. (2013). The new dynamics of competition. . Harvard Business Review, 91(6), , 80-+. Shin, S., Lee, S. H. (2015). Effects of Business Environmental Factors on 4P Mix of Eco-friendly Textile in Textile Fashion Firms. . Fashion business, 19(2),, 36-52. Trevena, H., Neal, B., Dunford, E., Haskelberg, H., Wu, J. H. (2015). A comparison of the sodium content of supermarket private-label and branded foods in Australia. . Nutrients, 7(8),, 7027-7041. von Briel, F., Recker, J. (2017). Lessons from a Failed Implementation of an Online Open Innovation Community in an Innovative Organization. MIS Quarterly Executive, 16(1). Woolworths Supermarkets - Woolworths Group. (2017).Woolworthsgroup.com.au. Retrieved 27 August 2017, from https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-brands/supermarkets/Woolworths Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017). Strategic management and business policy. pearson. Yunna, W., Yisheng, Y. (2014). The competition situation analysis of shale gas industry in China: Applying Porters five forces and scenario model. . Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40,, 798-805.

African Art Essays (424 words) - African Art, Mask, Gelede

African Art The traditional art of Africa plays a major part in the African society. Most ceremonies and activities (such as singing, dancing, storytelling, etc.) can not function without visual art. It can also be used as an implement and insignia of rank or prestige, or have a religious significance. African art consists mainly of sculptures, paintings, fetishes, masks, figures, and decorative objects. Sculptures are considered to be the greatest achievement for African art. A majority of the sculptures are done in wood but are also made of metal, stone, terra-cotta, mud, beadwork, ivory, and other materials. It is found in many parts of Africa but mainly in western and central Africa. Many ancient rock paintings have been found in Southern and Eastern Africa. These paintings are believed to be attributed to the SAN (Bushman) people. Masks and fetishes are often used to scare off bad things such as evil spirits, witches or ghosts. They are also used to bring about a desired end-break a bad habit, improve ones love life, or kill a natural or supernatural enemy. There are three basic themes of African art. The first is the dualism between bush and village. African tribes wear masks and headdresses: the male is represented by the elephant, the most powerful of bush creatures and the female is delicately coifed to express refinement and civilization. The second theme of African art is the problematic relationships between the sexes. African tribes use art as a therapeutic device to deal with the problems and issues dealing with the relations between the sexes. The third theme is the struggle to control natural or supernatural forces to achieve a desired end. African tribes often use masks in ceremonies (called Gelede) to please and honor the forces. For each region in Africa, there is a different style of Art. The western Sudanic Region have masks and figures representing legendary ancestors and religious sacrifices. The central Sudanic Region art includes mud architecture, embroidered textiles, elaborate Coiffure, metal and beadwork jewelry, and leather work. This style usually doesn't represent anything special. The west Guinea Coast Region use masks and figures to police ceremonies, punish people for doing something wrong, settle land-owning problems and start or end wars. The Central Guinea Coast Region art employs aristocratic materials. Specialized artists creature works of art for the leaders that include: stools, drums, cloth, pottery, terra-cotta, figures, miniature masks, combs, mirrors, pipes, and carved musical instruments. African art is traditionally essential and optimistic. Without art, there would be no African culture.

Rufus Stokes Profile Inventions

Rufus Stokes Profile Inventions Rufus Stokes was an inventor born in Alabama in 1924. He later moved to Illinois, where he worked as a machinist for an incinerator company. Rufus Stokes Air-Purification Device In 1968, Rufus Stokes was granted a patent on an air-purification device to reduce the gas and ash emissions of furnace and power plant smokestack emissions. The filtered output from the stacks became almost transparent. Stokes tested and demonstrated several models of stack filters, termed the clean air machine, in Chicago and elsewhere to show its versatility. Benefits of Rufus Stokes Invention The system benefited the respiratory health of people, but also eased the health risks to plants and animals. A side-benefit of reduced industrial stack emissions was the improved appearance and durability of buildings, cars, and objects exposed to outdoor pollution for lengthy periods. Patents Issued to Rufus Stokes #3,378,24 issued on 14/16/1968 for an exhaust purifier#3,520,113 issued on 7/14/1970 for an air pollution control device (shown in photo above)

Case study presentation+notes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study presentation+notes - Essay Example Time consideration is an essential factor in this regard. The non-discounting factors do not take into consideration time value of money and therefore are considered inferior to discounting cash flow techniques. With respect to the projects in this paper, both kinds of techniques have been considered, namely NPV and payback method (Bierman and Smidt, 2012). NPV is one of most preferred discounting techniques deployed in investment appraisal. In this method, future inflows are converted into present value by discounting them using a discount factor. The main benefit of discounting inflows is that it helps understand the actual worth of the inflows and reflects the impact of inflation and potential risks on the investment. Generally, cost of capital is considered as an appropriate discounting measure because it is developed using the existing market risk factor. There are two criteria for accepting a project: first, NPV should be positive and second, a project with the highest NPV should be selected. Negative NPV bearing projects are rejected because they would generate negative return in the long run (Sangster, 1993; Savvides, 1994). It was observed that none of the projects of Jones & Simpson Ltd generate a positive NPV. Project A generated a negative value while Project B was observed to break even. Breakeven stands for a no-profit / no-loss situation. If the company has no other choices besides project A and B, Project B is recommended because project A involves more investment and will generate negative return in the long run. Payback period is one of the non-discounting techniques used by managers for evaluating projects. However, this technique is used along with other discounting techniques so that the time factor is not neglected. Generally, managers analyse projects using NPV, IRR and payback period together. One of the key benefits of payback period is that it focuses on cash flow instead of accounting profit. The determination process is also

Econometrics Project- Tax income in the United State and United Dissertation

Econometrics Project- Tax income in the United State and United Kingdom - Dissertation Example Strong support for Keynesian model in US data. Insignificant coefficient of interest rate in UK data. Unit root test of residuals indicate possibility of these being spurious. Engel and Granger (1987) error correction model pursued to utilize co-integrated nature of data. Only the dynamics of output seems to matter for growth in investment. Interest rate changes does not have any significant impacts. Accelerator model performs substantially better in both economies. However, unit root tests reveal these results may be spurious. Null hypothesis of non-cointegration could not be rejected. So, we could not proceed with Engel and Granger error correction methodology. Instead ran regressions in differences. The growth in lagged real output turns out to be significant for growth in investment. There is a direct relation. ... Further, any model is yet to be convincingly validated empirically. However, till date the best performance in terms of fitting the data is credited to the actual and variants of the acceleration principle. The objective of the present paper is to utilize co-integration techniques to estimate a particular model of investment. In particular we are interested in exploring the empirical validity of the acceleration principle. The fundamental contribution of this paper is two fold. First, we shall utilize co-integrated nature of the data. Additionally, we shall use this model to examine the similarities and dissimilarities in US and UK investment trajectories and its determinants. Since investment is a key macro economic variable for growth and development, the inherent motivation is to derive instructive results that are relevant to macro-economic policy formulation. The paper is structured as follows: in section 1 we do a literature review of the theories and empirical work on investme nt. In particular we initiate the discussion by looking at the Keynesian ideas regarding investment. Then we shall look at the advances in the literature since then. In the subsequent sections we shall evaluate the performance of the models in regards to US data and then UK data using co-integration, error correction and differencing techniques. Finally, the last section will summarize the findings and conclude. Â   2. literature review The central feature of the neoclassical renaissance post 1870 was the distribution theory based upon marginalist principles (Fisher, 1930; Marshall, 1890; Walras, 1874). Essentially the theory implies a negatively sloped demand for capital. The idea was that entrepreneurs would go on

Impact Of SMEs On Economic Development

Impact Of SMEs On Economic Development CHAPTER 4 Small businesses contribute substantially to two fundamentals of poverty reduction job creation and economic growth (The World Bank Group). In the previous chapter we examined a complete picture of MA in the theory of banking and at offering economic evaluation and strategic analyses of the process, also high lighting the performance of commercial banks in post consolidation period in Nigeria. It then viewed the benefits, consequences and limitations of MA and concluded with recent estimates of the effects of bank consolidation on Small Business Lending. In this chapter we shall be looking at the roles of SMEs, its benefits and impacts on the economic development. We shall also be looking at how SME get funded and the main sources of cash. Finally we will compare this credit availability to SMEs before consolidation and after consolidation in the Nigerian banking sector 4.0 Introduction Small enterprises are the seeds of the private sector, and also the source of innovation and diversification. They supply larger companies and develop their own activities and product lines. When they grow, they provide employment and tax revenues. Small and medium-sized enterprises can be the motors of economic growth. In most African countries, however, the business environment is not conducive to enterprise development ( Bercy, 2005 ). Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) are important for successful economic growth and social development. SMEs, properly supported, foster Entrepreneurship a proven pre-requisite for national economic success. Public and private policy support of SMEs is most effective when SMEs are part of the formal sector. One key objective therefore is to encourage migration of SMEs from informal to formal sector (Oyekanmi, 2006) Nigerian SMEs in informal sector are beyond the reach/help of public or private policy Policies do not provide sufficient support Difficult access to finance To use SMEs to stimulate economic growth and encourage businesses requires SMEs to move from informal sector to formal sector. 4.1 Definition of SMEs SME is an acronym for small and medium enterprise. It is a term that is used in a different way in different country and used differently even within the same industries. In the United States for instant SMEs can be used to express firms from small office home office to even large company. In Europe SMEs is used to refer to a business firm or company that has fifty to two hundred and fifty employees with an annual turnover of seven to forty million euro. Yet these SMEs must have a total asset less than twenty-seven million euro. In Canada, the industry uses the term SMEs as a reference to any company that has less than five hundred employees while categorizing company with employees above this number as large business. The definition of SMEs is country specific which is measured on size and level of development. In Nigeria SMEs are the moral fibres of the economy, a large percentage of businesses in Nigeria employ less than one hundred employees (Oyekunmi, 2006). This segment provides fifty percent of employment and fifty percent of the total industrial output. This can be said that most of the developing nations, its private economy comprises totally of SMEs and seen as the only reasonable employment opportunity for communities ( Oyekunmi, 2006) 4.2 Impact of SMEs on Economic Development Nowadays, the importance of SMEs has been recognised worldwide and their immense involvement to economic growth, community organisation, employment, catalysts of growth, innovation and skills and development. SMEs account for over 95% of enterprise and 60%-70% of employment, and generate a large share of new jobs in Organisation for economic Co-operation and development economies. (OECD Africa). Since the dawn of industrial changes and globalisation the importance and contribution of small firms is enhance as the economies of scale reduces. Nevertheless a lot of the conventional problems SMEs faces have also become more acute in this global environment. Such problems as lack of funding or credit availability, problems in utilization of technology, constrained managerial capabilities, regulatory weight down and low yield. Since every economy stands to gain from SMEs precise strength and weakness, policy framework and the role of government must evolve for these enterprises to flourish , adapt to new demands and strains and to reap the benefit of globalisation. For this reason encouraging entrepreneurship is high on the agenda of governments in OECD member countries, developed and developing economies. The importance of entrepreneurship stands out in this time of innovative change, and fostering a climate to help the dynamism in firm creation is considered fundamental worldwide.( OECD African Economic Outlook ,2009) 4.3 Role of SMEs to Economy Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) occupy a place of pride in virtually every country or state. Because of their significant roles in the development and growth of various economies, they have been referred to as the engine of growth and the vehicle for socio- economic change of any country. SMEs are seen as an authentic medium for the realization of national economic objectives of poverty alleviation and employment generation at low investment cost. Another benefit of SMEs includes access to the infrastructural facilities made available by the very existence on these enterprises. Also the spur of economic activities through supplies of items produced, distribution process stemming from rural to urban centre, enhances the standard of living of the employees and their families as well as those who directly and indirectly related with them ( Onuorah, 2010). The benefits of SMEs are innumerable and cannot be exaggerated. These benefits are summarized below. Economy contribution in the provision of outputs in form of goods and services. Generation of employment involves creation of jobs at relatively low capital cost. And the employment opportunities provided reduces village to city (rural-urban) migration and allows for even development Utilization of local resources: This promotes the use of local raw materials requiring simple technology SMEs help to reduce income disparity by developing a group of both skilled and semi-skilled workers as a basis for expansion Income generation: SMEs constitute major avenues for income generation and participation in economic activities in the lower income and rural brackets of developing societies especially in agriculture, trading and services. Stiglitz and Weis (1981) observe that small and medium scale firms with opportunities to invest in positive net present value projects may be blocked from doing so because of adverse selection and moral hazard problems. This selection problem occurs when providers of funds cannot validate the firms access to quality projects. While the hazard problems is related with the possibility of SMEs diverting funds to alternative projects or taking more risks than they can afford to. (Ogujiuba, Ohuche, Adenuga, 2004). Since SMEs ordinarily do not have access to public funds through the capital market, they obviously have to depend on banks for funding. The reliance on banks makes them even more vulnerable for the simple reason that crisis in the financial system can have a great impact to credit supply to SMEs, thus, SMEs are subject to funding problems in equilibrium and these problems are worsening during periods of financial instability. Berger and Udell (2001) further note that shocks to the economic environment in which both banks and SMEs exist can significantly affect the willingness and capability of banks to lend to small and medium scale firms. Government worldwide have realised the importance of SMEs and have encouraged them by originating and creating policies that are favourable to encourage, support and make funding accessible. To encourage the developments in small and medium enterprise are a plus as the role SMEs plays in economic development. (Oladele, 2009). 4.4 SMEs Promotion in Nigerian The Nigerian government has supported the SMEs development programs since its independence, yet very few of which have yielded impressive results. Now the challenge is to recognise the factors that influence their performance and development as well as the implications of these factors for policy. Ever since the attainment of independence in Nigeria, every known regime recognizes the importance of promoting SMEs as the basis of economic growth. As a result, several micro lending institutions were established to enhance the development of SMEs. Unfortunately, records indicate that the performance of SMEs in Nigeria has not justified the establishment of this overabundance of micro-credit institutions. Odedokun (1981) notes that in spite of the quantum of credit made available to the SME manufacturing sector; the contribution of the index of manufacturing to GDP was only 7 percent between 1970 and 1979. Source: CBN Annual Report, 2008 The major credit programs and specialized credit delivery institutions implemented to promote SMEs in Nigeria between the year 1971 to 1997 includes: The small scale industries 1971, agricultural credit guarantee scheme (ACGSF)of 1973, the Nigerian Agricultural and Co-operative Bank of 1973, the Nigerian bank for Commerce and Industry of 1973, the small and medium scale enterprises loan scheme 1 2 of 1992, National Economic Reconstruction Fund of 1994 and The Family Economic Advancement Program of 1997.( Oyekunmi, 2006). Others includes micro credit institutions include the Nigerian Bank for Commerce and Industry (NBCI), National Economic Reconstruction Fund (Nerfund), the Peoples Bank of Nigeria (PBN), the Community Banks (CB), and the Nigerian Export and Import Bank (NEXIM), and the liberalization of the banking sector. (Ogujiuba, Ohuche, Adenuga, 2004). In addition there has been an entrepreneurship development centres in three zones since 2008, which is has trained nine thousand people and is expected to create about five hundred and twenty-five thousand jobs in three to five years. Most of these programmes failed due to poor administration in loan processing and credit procedure, poor monitoring techniques and the abuse of the scheme attributed to corruption (Oyekunmi, 2006). CBN initiated together with the Bankers Committee In 1999, an interventionist strategy called the Small and Medium Industries Equity Investment Scheme (SMIEIS). This scheme requires banks to set aside 10 percent of their profit before tax to fund SMEs in an equity participation framework. (Ogujiuba, 2004). SMIEIS requires all banks in Nigeria to set aside 10% of their PBT for equity investment in SMEs (revised to 5% from end 2006) ( Oyekunmi, 2006) According to Mambula (1997), since its independence, the small business development programs have generally yielded poor results, despite the immense amount of money invested by the Nigerian government. But this can be associated to the fact that these funds hardly reached the SMEs business because funds got lost to bureaucratic bottle neck and end up in accounts of public office holders. It has however been worrisome that despite the incentives, policies, programmes and support aimed at revamping the SMEs, they have performed rather below expectation in Nigeria. 4.5 Funding opportunity for SMEs To assist SME development, priority should be given to financial reforms and appropriate financing. Effective financing of SMEs should include regulatory reform the creation of a friendly business environment for doing business, the extension of guarantees to local banks to entice them to lend in local currency (e.g. USAID Development Credit Program), tax incentives for rewarding companies that agree to have their financial statements audited, the creation of equity funds suitable for SMEs, financial incentives for partnerships, etc. (Bercy, 2005). SMEs being very unique and important and because of their relative small size can be negatively affected by changes in the financial institution especially banks during crisis period. The credit availability to SMEs is very important and significant not only from a theoretical point of view but also for policy purposes. In many countries different innovation have enthused extensive restructuring in the financial sector. Commercial banks have engaged in mergers and acquisitions, which has lead to the vanishing of many small credit institutions and appearance of complex financial conglomerates. Merger has open previously isolated markets due to the lifting of geographical barriers hence reducing market segmentation. SMEs can be funded in two major ways; internal finance, concerned with getting money from personal savings and from friends and relatives and external finance when the company grows and begins to expand. External financing is sourced from most financial institutions. There are two notable variants of external finance and these include debt financing and equity financing. Dept financing engages interest bearing instruments and are secured by asset collateral and have term structured into it. This can be long termed or short termed. Examples of dept finance include loans, overdrafts, leasing and hire purchase arrangement and letters of credit. Equity financing allows the banker or investor the right of ownership in the business. This as such may not require collateral since the equity participant will be part of the management of the business. ( Ogujiuba et all, 2004). We have seen the two approaches to overcome financial gap to SMEs. This approach has been further encouraged by two approaches. The first has been to broaden the collateral based approach by encouraging bank lenders to finance SMEs with insufficient collateral. The second approach is to broaden the viability based approach since its concerned with the business itself and the aim has been to provide an increase return in the general business, create a favourable environment and reduce risk. Viability based financing is especially associated with venture capital. This often entails a detailed review and assistance with the business plan. A common aim or feature of the viability based approach is the provision of appropriate finance that is tailored to the cash flows of the SME. (Berger and Udell, 2005). Levy in 1993 reported that smaller enterprises have limited access to financial resources compare to larger organisations and he discussed the impact of his findings in economic growth. SMEs funding is supplied through the business financial market in the following Retained Profit The Financial Market The use of banks. Government monetary policy 4.5.1 Retained Profit In the course of running a business profits are made, when these profits are kept for future use to expand the business it is referred to as retained profit. This profit is there for use to help buy new machinery, vehicle, computer etc to improve the business and keeps it going. On the other hand the retain earnings can be used to expand the business by diversification. And it can also be kept for a rainy day. 4.5.2 Financial Market The financial Market is a system that allows buying and selling of financial securities and instruments. It is a centre where bonds and stock are traded, and allows people to buy or sell commodities such as precious metals or agricultural good and other items of value at low transaction costs. Both general markets (where many commodities are traded) and specialized markets (where only one commodity is traded) exist. In finance, financial markets facilitate: The raising of capital (in the capital markets) The transfer of risk (in the derivatives markets) International trade (in the currency markets) The financial market matches those who want to buy with those who want to see. Money market is one component of the financial market for asset involved in short term borrowing and lending usually not exceeding one year. Trades in the money market involve T-bills, Commercial Papers (CP), bankers acceptance, Certificate of Deposits (CD) and both mortgage and asset backed securities. 4.5.3 Banks The systems of banking in Africa are not properly adapted to lending to SMEs with some exceptions. This makes financing a more difficult approach, hence making financing more flexible would be a welcoming help (Bercy, 2005). All over the world the importance of promoting SMEs as a channel of growth and industrialization has been recognized. One of the vital roles of the banks is to devise a way to creating loan package and providing loans to small business that are otherwise not properly informed. (Berger, Klapper and Udell 2001). Conversely credit provision to small borrowers may be affected by a number of factors. Bank consolidation is one of the major factor affecting credit to small borrowers. The creation of mega bank suggests that large institution devote less of their asset proportion to lending to small business than smaller less complex institution. ( Emeni and Okafor, 2008) .These mega banks may be oriented towards transaction lending and providing capital markets services to large corporate clients. These institutions often have their headquarters in business metropolis far away city centre that are a great distant from small borrower. Ogujiuba, Ohuche and Adenuga, 2004) Banks in Nigeria although reported to being highly liquid and wanting to make loans available, they are usually put off by the uncertain nature of SMEs. And since these banks do not provide the necessary funds required to start a business, run the business and keeps it going, SMEs tend to rely on personal assets for their working capital. This reliance on personal funds makes it very difficult to operate at optimum capacity, increase output and make sales. It also limits investment to develop, expand operation or even improve technology. This risk on bank not lending is attributed to lack of information on SMEs true situation in terms of finance and their performance ability to repay loans both principal and interest. And since the judicial system is not reliable, banks cannot enforce contracts, hence making business environment generally risk prone and uncertain.(Ogujiuba, Ohuche and Adenuga, 2004) The table below show the proportion of loans given to SMEs by commercial banks. It gives a brief summary for six years from 2000- 2005 of the ratio of loans given to SMEs to the total credit available to commercial banks in Nigeria. From this table it can be deduce that percentage of loans made available to SMEs is very low and over the years it reduces even more to a more trivial proportion. Table 4.1 Ratio of Loans to SMEs to Commercial Banks Total Credit YEAR Loan to SMEs (=N=M) Commercial Bank Total Credit (=N=M) Ratio of Loan to Total Credit (%) 2000 44,542.3 508,302.2 9.7 2001 52,428.4 796,164.8 6.6 2002 82,368.4 954,628.8 8.6 2003 90,176.5 1,210,033.1 7.5 2004 54,981.2 1,519,242.7 3.6 2005 50,672.6 1,899,346.4 2.7 Source: Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin Volume 16, 2005 4.5.4 Government policy (New Monetary Policy) The Nigeria Government in a bid to encourage small and medium scale enterprises has introduced several monetary policies. This has been mentioned in the previous chapters. The success of this strategy is based on its proper implementation, co-ordination and supervision. These monetary policies includes: The Small and Medium Enterprise Equity Investment Scheme (SMEEIS), the Small and Medium Enterprises Credit Guarantee Scheme (SMECGS) and the Microfinance Banks and Micro Credit Fund. 4.5.4.1 Small and Medium Enterprises Equity Investment Scheme (SMEEIS) The Small and Medium Enterprises Equity Investment Scheme is a voluntary initiative of the Bankers Committee in agreement with CBN, approved IN 1999. It was aimed at mitigating the risk-averse behaviour of banks. The scheme was a responds by the federal government to the promotion of small and medium enterprises as a tool of industrialization, poverty alleviation and job creation or employments. This scheme required all commercial banks in Nigeria to set aside annually ten percent of their profit before tax (PBT) for promotion of small and medium enterprises and equity investments. This was the banks own contribution in responds to the federal governments efforts in economic growth. This takes care of the burden of all financial charges such interest under normal bank lending. In addition the scheme provides financial, advisory, technical and managerial support from the banking industry. ( Soludo, 2005). Activities approved for funding under the scheme includes manufacturing, constru ction, Information technology, education, tourism and services. The funds set aside by banks under the scheme increased from N13.1 billion in 2002 to N41.4 billion in 2005. However, actual investments grew much slower from N2.2 billion in 2002 to N12.1 billion in 2005, representing only 29.1 per cent of the funds set aside. This further increased to N21billion in 2007 representing a further 21.5 per cent of funds set aside. (CBN Statistical Bulletin, 2008) Figure 4.2 Banks Investment in SMEs through SMEEIS Source: CBN Statistical Bulletin, 2008 Table 4.1 SME Reserve for Small and Medium Scale Industry of Top Five Commercial Banks in Nigeria. (NM) Zenith First Bank UBA Union Bank Intercontinental 2009 3,729,204 11,193,000 2008 3,729,204 9,439,000 2,635,000 3,868,498 2007 3,729,204 7,916,000 2,635,000 5,537,000 3,868,498 2006 3,729,204 6,998,000 2,635,000 4,931,000 2,387,122 2005 2,580,324 1,379,000 2,050,000 4,429,000 1,527,532 2004 1,224,242 1,379,000 1,426,000 3,491,000 856,935 2003 1,224,242 1,379,000 865,000 2,280,000 856,935 Source: Annual Reports of the Various Banks Various studies have pointed out that inadequate data on SMEs business activities and the vague scope of economic activities are some of the major issues constraining disbursement of funds under the scheme. Two very important policy actions were than taken by the Bankers Committee in 2005, to restructure the scheme so it could take proper effect. The first policy action was to implement the funding of all business activities with the exception of general commerce and financial services under this scheme. It was restructured to contain and provide for non-industrial enterprises so that other sectors of the economy such as agriculture, housing, transport and utilities can be funded under this scheme. The name of the scheme was, therefore, changed to Small and Medium Enterprises Equity Investment Scheme (SMEEIS), to reflect the expanded focus. The Bankers Committee also embarked setting the guidelines for the management of withdrawn un-invested funds during the year. The second policy a ction was to set the limit of banks equity investment in a single enterprise. This was increased from N200 million to N500 million, thus accommodating the real medium sized industries that constitute the missing middle in Nigerias industrial structure. These two policies had an instantaneous impact on the scheme as investment rose by 29.4 per cent in 2005 to N12.1 billion. The cumulative amount set aside by the banks at end- December 2005 stood at N41.4 billion, compared with N28.8 billion at the end of the preceding year 2004. The final benefit of this policy is expected to manifest fully from 2006, following the success on bank consolidation exercise in 2005. (CBN Annual Report, 2005). 4.5.4.2 Small and Medium Enterprises Credit Guarantee Scheme (SMECGS) CBN established the Small and Medium Enterprises Credit Guarantee Scheme (SMECGS). This scheme was set up in a bid to ease the rigid nature of the credit market in Nigeria, to also augment credit to the real sector and complement its 500 billion Naira Power/Manufacturing facility; the Management of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) approved the establishment of a N200 billion Small and Medium Enterprises Credit Guarantee Scheme (SMECGS), to promoting access to credit to manufacturers and SMEs in Nigeria. It is funded one percent and managed by CBN. The aim ideas behind this scheme is to fast track the development of SMEs and the manufacturing sectors in Nigeria as a whole by providing guarantees, creating an atmosphere favourable for industrialization, increasing the accessibility of credit and generate employment. ( Soludo, 2006) 4.5.4.3 Microfinance Banks and Micro Credit Fund The Microfinance Policy Regulatory and Supervisory framework was a major policy initiative of the Bank in 2005 after consolidation of banks. Microfinance Banks and Micro Credit Fund was a replacement to community banks with a deadline to microfinance bank latest December 2007. The policy, among others, addresses the problem of lack of access to credit by entrepreneurs who do not have access to regular banks; strengthens the weak capacity of such entrepreneurs, and raises the capital base of microfinance institutions. The key elements of this framework was to set aside not less than one percent of the annual budget by state governments and local government for on lending through the microfinance banks, in addition to endorse and authorise the management of microfinance banks, establishment of the micro credit funds and introduce deposit insurance for micro finance banks to protect depositors funds. Problems associated with Credit availability for SMEs According to Cork and Nisxon, (2000) poor management and accounting practices have hampered the ability of smaller enterprises to raise finance. Owning to the nature of small business and the personal lifestyle of individual owners, goes a long way to affect operations and sustainability of the business. As a consequence of the ownership structure, some of these businesses are unstable and may not guarantee returns in the long run. However, there is reason to hope because according to Liedholm et al. (1994), a large number of small enterprises fail because of non-financial reasons. Remmers et al. (1974) reported the debt/total assets ratio to be independent of firm size while Peterson and Schulman (1987) reported that debt/total assets ratio to first rise and then fall with size of firm. Whatever sides you choose to take, the granting of loans to SMEs depends solely on the decision of the loan granting institution. And this choice is also depended on size of the balance sheet of the SMEs. The general problems associated with credit availability for SMEs everywhere is summarized below. Bad Credit History An adverse borrowing history of SMEs particularly if it is involving a sister organization will discourage the lender. The logical presumption is that if you do not have a good credit history then that is indicative of a personality pattern which means that in the future you will face the same problems as you are trying to clear you refinancing initiative. The bank is then well advised to stay away from you or at the very most offer you some very stringent terms for borrowing. Poor business plans Most SMEs applying for loans do not present convincing feasibility studies or attractive business plans. They are therefore regarded as high-risk ventures. Lack of Collateral Thirdly, even those SMEs with business plans not backed by adequate collateral. The lack of adequate collateral would be unacceptable risk for the lender. As banks cannot afford to take any chances of non-repayment of loans, they insist on these collateral requirements being met. In as much as they have nothing to fall back on should you default on your loan repayment obligations? Good financial management requires that they do not accept a refinancing initiative until they are sure that you are more than capable of covering the full loan if circumstances demand it. Collateral is the final reserve to meet this criteria and if it is missing, then the decision is likely to be negative. The impact of regulatory and monetary factors on bank loan The result is that monetary policy effects on bank lending depend on the capital adequacy of the banking sector; lending by banks with low capital has a delayed and then amplified reaction to interest rate shocks, relative to well-capitalized banks. Other implications are that bank capital affects lending even when the regulatory constraint is not momentarily binding, and that shocks to bank profits, such as loan defaults, can have a persistent impact on lending. Financial crisis Again bank financial distresses may also be an important determinant of credit availability during periods of credit crunch and accompanying financial crises. However, there are very few small firms that will satisfy the rigorous condition set by the traditional feasibility appraisal model, which is often designed for both small and big firms. While some aspects of the criteria of the feasibility model are met by some small firms, others are not met at all, therefore for banks to lend , they need to develop lending rules that accommodate the peculiar characteristics both for the SMEs and their owners. Other reasons In addition, many SMEs do not hold deposit accounts in the formal banking sector, which the banks require from loan applicants. Another reason SMEs were not given any concessions in terms of loan conditions was that in Nigeria no law exists to protect bankers against default. Yet another reason banks resist loans to SMEs is the unwillingness of owner/managers to acquire formal training. Such training is useful in providing added expertise and competence in a chosen field of business and in improving chances of obtaining loans.( Mambula, 2002) THE END .

Genentech Case Study

Overview: Genentech Company is facing a lot of problems and difficulties in order to implement and incorporate best technologies for future growth regarding uncertain future of its cancer drugs. The senior vice president of product David Ebersman along with his team is busy outlining the best approach to it. Central Issue: What measures should Genentech employ or implement in order to increase their production and manufacturing capacity to meet the future anticipated and predicted demands over the next 2 to 3 years for a family of new cancer drug? Recommended courses of action: They should try to further improve the current process by boosting throughput. Try to build relationships with other manufacturers and additional companies to meet the Excess demands by negotiating contracts and agreements. Start searching for economical and strategic locations for building up of new manufacturing plant. It’s important to keep looking for space and be ready with a blue print of an additional facility. Try to stay away from messing up with FDA regulations by avoiding long period revalidation. Focus should be laid on fully completing the CCP2 at Vacaville. Basis for recommendations: There is no proper assurance of a continuous growth and increase in sales by creating the CCP3 facility. The investment on implementing CCP3 is worth $600 million. And it is still not clear about the effectiveness and market response of Avastin. The drug could also result in failure and by investing CCP3 will surely cost us $6oo million. The golden rule for the moment is to wait and watch as sales are dependent on market response and there is point investing $600 million with hinting success. Moreover, the location at Vacaville won’t be able to withstand the additional load of CCP3, if we built it on the same location alongside CCP2, which is not fully completed. The process and work force will be at risk of mounted pressure and in turn new employees that might be hired could hurt the comfort levels of existing employees for some time. As the drug is in premature stage it is very risky to play with the existing location and employees. Instead areas like capacity expansion should be researched as it will be costing way less than building up new unit. Also, external cost effective and superior contract manufacturing deals could be stuck from outer suppliers and manufacturers to speed up operation and demands. Through proper research and planning there are incredible chances of improving certain process. They can increase the capacity by 20% by making three changes; by monitoring the raw material to minimize contagion, checking involvement in production process, tightly sealing of the pieces of equipment. Once CCP2 is fully completed the production capacity will tremendously increase. A plan and strategy should be devised to look at cheap, resourceful locations for building new plants and be ready with an action plan. Also, efforts should be laid on hunting technical and cheap labor for building of new plant. Significant factors: Expensive venture CCP3 as building new plant will cost over $600 million. Challenge of facilitating two simultaneous projects. (CCP2 and CCP3 at Vacaville) Uncertain scale and scope of future demand for Avastin. There is a risk of losing profit margins and gloomy sales forecast isn’t helping the cause. Management facing a dilemma and challenge in how to run at large capacity Quality control issues in large capacity.

Bullies Should Be Held Legally Responsible Essay

We all know what bullying is. We usually tend to think of it as some huge kid threatening to beat you up if you don’t give them your lunch money. But sometimes, bullying goes so much further than that. Sometimes bullies go too far, and their victims make the unfortunate choice of ending their own lives. As awful as it is, it happens every day, and the worst part about it is those bullies aren’t held legally accountable for their actions, but they should be. Bullying is a form of harassment. It damages people physically and mentally. Even though the â€Å"normal† type of harassment is illegal, bullying someone literally to death isn’t. Rebecca Ann Sedwick was one of those victims who were bullied to death. She was a 12 year old girl in high school, and several other girls began taunting and making fun of her over a boyfriend issue. The taunting and teasing didn’t let up. Rebecca was both verbally and physically assaulted. One girl was reported tellin g Rebecca to â€Å"drink bleach and die†. Eventually Rebecca couldn’t take it anymore and she climbed to a concrete tower and hurled herself to her death. Rebecca was harassed, which is against the law, but people don’t seem to understand that. In addition to being a form of harassment, bullies should be held legally accountable for their actions because those who bully know the difference between right and wrong. In the case of minors, when bullying gets brought up, many people bring up the fact that their brains are not fully developed until the age of 20 or so. This is true, and I do not dispute it. However, just because their brains aren’t entirely developed does not mean that shouldn’t be held accountable for their actions. If a minor cheated on a test, would the claim about their brains be considered legitimate and make it to where they don’t receive punishment? Of course not, so why should bullying someone to death be any different? Finally, bullies should be legally responsible for their actions because it would act as a deterrent. When most people bully, they don’t really have any fear of consequences because they know that there really aren’t any, which is exactly why there should be serious consequences. Because of the lack of punishment, people just say hurtful things constantly without any thought about what might happen as a result. That is completely ridiculous and something must be done about it. If people knew that their bullying harassment might land them in jail, they would certainly think twice before making those nasty, attacking comments that cause such tremendous harm.  Those who have been victimized to their breaking point deserve justice, and holding their tormenters legally responsible is the only way they will receive it. The problem is, when someone has finally had enough of being bullied and they end their lives, no one sees it as anyone else’s fault but their own. Somehow suicide isn’t as bad as murder, when in fact, its every bit as devastating, if not even more.

The Physics Of Mechanical Engineering - 924 Words

Would your parents ever tried to kill you because you would mess up their valuable machines? Yes, I was that kid who would play with machines and take everything apart then put it back together. Being able to take a machine apart and rebuild it back together is like a feeling that you have accomplished a goal even though you just put the parts in the same place where they were before. How do planes fly in the sky? How do cars accelerate? I chose the major mechanical engineering to answer all these previous scientific questions. The definition of mechanical engineering is the system that applies the principles of engineering, physics, and materials science for the design, analysis, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical system. It is a branch of engineering concerned primarily with the industrial application of mechanics and with the production of tools, machinery and their products. It has also become one of the most widely studied and widely available college courses. The definition of engineer is that a person who is able to create computer programs, design machines. Engineers come up with phenomenal ideas to build up and develop things in order to help us in our daily life. They use science to experience the development and see its results. Engineering and engineers make the world run around. Engineering offer interesting problems and facts about the real world. My parents were a big part of me choosing mechanical engineering, my father did not finish collegeShow MoreRelatedThe Physics Of Mechanic al Engineering961 Words   |  4 Pageswe can relate to mechanical engineering, one of the common examples is the temperature in metal, which is the thermal expansion. Mechanical engineers use combination of material, human and economic resources to develop mechanical solutions that help satisfy the needs and wants of society. They must be confident and accurate when making decisions. Engineers try to look at the problems in the society and come with innovative ideas in order to solve the difficulties. Engineering industry has a wideRead MoreThe Creation Of Careers Through Physics1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe Creation of Careers through Physics Physics is often deemed â€Å"useless† and â€Å"stressful† by young students taking the course in high school and college. However, many you students don’t the advantages and opportunity’s that the subject can provide for them in the future. Most young adults think that Physics will most likely not help them in the future and end up being waste of time and a credit, but, most of them don’t know that the careers that physics provides can both high paying and fun .Read MoreMechanical Design Of Mechanical Engineering1537 Words   |  7 PagesMechanical engineering is a diverse subject that consists of the ability to design and manufacture everything from miniscule parts to large machines and projects. The objective of a mechanical engineer is to take a product from an idea and publish it. This goal is reached by obtaining a range of skills and knowledge. People who are striving to become mechanical engineers need to comprehend the powers and the war m environment that an item, its parts, or its subsystems will experience; to outline themRead MoreEssay on Mechanical Engineering1124 Words   |  5 PagesMechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of engineering, physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the design, production, and operation of machines and tools.[1] It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines. The engineering field requires an understanding of core conceptsRead MorePersonal Statement : Mechanical Engineering Degree1324 Words   |  6 PagesWhile at Missouri University of Science and Technology, I will be getting my major in mechanical engineering. With a mechanical engineering degree, I hope to someday qualify to become a professional engineer and work at a company like Boeing to design different parts used in planes, trains, and automobiles. I am content with my decision to major in mechanical engineering and feel like it is a good fit for me because it coincides with my many interests, abilities, and personality. My developmentRead MoreA Career in Mechanical Engineering Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesI have chosen the career of Mechanical Engineering for this research paper. The reason why I choose this career is because I am very interested in prototyping, designing, and building machines and other types of tools that we use in our daily lives. Mechanical engineers make people’s lives better and easier. I find this interesting inspires me to become one of them. This is why I choose this profession for my research paper. I will be going over five topics for this paper. These topics are: 1.Read MoreMy Dream To Become An Electrical Engineer1301 Words   |  6 Pagesbackup plan for my future career would have to be becoming a mechanical engineer. Mechanical engineers are people who work to make ideas into something that can be physically sold. Mechanical engineers work on making small objects like a printer to big objects like a car. I like the ideas of hands on building and crafting to create new things. My dream is to be an electrical engineer one day, but I do also find interest in mechanical engineering as well because nothing is more interesting than facingRead MoreThe Engineering Of Mechanical Engineering919 Words   |  4 PagesMechanical engineering is a field of engineering, which relies on the use of material science and physics for the design, manufacturing, analysis and maintenance of mechanical systems. This area requires a good understanding of the core engineering concepts such as mechanics, thermodynamics, kinematics, structural analysis, material sci ence, and electricity. With all these, mechanical engineers have to be conversant with tools like computer-aided design, industrial equipment and machinery, transportRead MoreMajor and Career Research Project1352 Words   |  6 PagesCell and Development Biology.† Also â€Å"General Chemistry† for two semesters with â€Å"Organic Chemistry.† One semester of calculus is needed with a second semester of calculus or an equivalent of statistics. Physics is also necessary in order to complete the major of Biology; two semesters of â€Å"General Physics I and II.† And finally there needs to be Biochemistry courses taken, such as â€Å"Principles of Biochemistry, Individualized Instructions.† Majoring in Biology would grant me various skills in knowing howRead MoreMy Statement of Purpose: Mechanical Engineering923 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Purpose (new text is in red) Introduction Mechanical engineering is the catalyst of rapid innovation in the aerospace and defense, automotive, heavy equipment and industrial equipment manufacturing industries. The foundational elements of mechanical engineering are what make the pace of new product development possible (Bar-Cohen, 1995). By far the most significant accomplishment of humankind in the 21rst century is the landing of the rover on the surface of Mars (Thilmany, 2012)